Edgar Degas’ 1885 oil on canvas, Scène de ballet, is to be offered at the Impressionist & Modern Art auction on February 3, 2015 at Bonhams New Bond Street salesroom in London. The work, a wonderful example of Degas’ ground-breaking work in the mid-1880s, is estimated at £2,500,000-3,500,000.

Degas’ fascination with the dancers of the Paris Opéra was the source of more than 1,000 paintings, pastels, charcoal drawings and prints, which together earned the artist the reputation as the greatest painter of the Paris ballet. He obsessively readdressed the subject, using it to explore a number of revolutionary styles and innovative techniques.

In Scène de ballet, Degas depicts not only the row of on-stage dancers in the background, but also the girls off-stage, stretching and chatting in the foreground. The artist sought to cover all aspects of the ballet, from the initial rehearsals and preparations through to the bright lights and thrilling spectacle of the final performance.

The ballet became for Degas a lens through which he could experiment with light, colour and movement, all the while observing and documenting the contemporary social milieu. Performances brought together the social classes, providing a cross section of society, and Degas depicted the drawn, tired faces of the dancers, who usually came from the most impoverished area of the city, alongside the affluent and predatory abonnés (season-ticket holders) who hung around backstage to proposition the girls.

As such, a behind-the-curtain image such as Scène de ballet shares something of the social commentary of Degas’ earlier paintings of café culture and brothels which established his fame. But this similarity of subject belies the significant difference between this 1885 painting and those which went before.

The mid-1880s was a crucial few years in Degas’ development. Previously, the artist had been working in a tight, precise style founded on exquisite draughtsmanship. From around 1885, however, he developed a new style of which Scène de ballet is a prime example – looser, brighter, and more abstracted in form.

Works such as Scène de ballet represent a turning point for Degas. The skirts, faces and bodies of the dancers are conjured from clouds of pigment, while the stage-set background is created using layer upon layer of paint applied directly with the artist’s thumbs. We see, too, the beginnings of the bursting vibrancy – ultramarines, turquoises, russets, cardamom reds, roses pinks and flashes of brightest yellows – for which his late bathers and dancers were so celebrated.

Only a year after Degas painted Scène de ballet, he took part in his final Impressionist group show, and began his withdrawal from the public art world. But his experimentation with the possibilities of colour and form continued until his death in 1917, culminating in the staggeringly modern late works which 20th-century masters such as Picasso and Matisse found so inspiring.

India Phillips, Director and Head of the Impressionist & Modern Art Department at Bonhams, said: ‘Degas is the painter of the ballet. No other artist has captured the movements, costumes and spectacle of the dance in the same way. Scène de ballet is as iconic an image as you could hope for, and we are honoured to be offering it for sale.’